Fact-check answers

Chapter 1

1. [](ch01.mdx#fn1-1)    (d)

2. [](ch01.mdx#fn1-2)    (b)

3. [](ch01.mdx#fn1-3)    (c)

4. [](ch01.mdx#fn1-4)    (d)

5. [](ch01.mdx#fn1-5)    (a)

6. [](ch01.mdx#fn1-6)    (c)

7. [](ch01.mdx#fn1-7)    (c)

8. [](ch01.mdx#fn1-8)    (c) – (a) is non-standard but not grammatically ill-formed, as it frequently occurs in some English dialects; the word order in (b) is marked, i.e. not the default one of Adjective + Noun, but it does occur for example in procurator fiscal, secretary general and attorney general, and a monthly magazine entitled House Beautiful is published in the UK. Only (c), which places the verb chases between the article The and noun dog, is not a possible sentence in any variety of English.

9. [](ch01.mdx#fn1-9)    (a) RP is not a dialect (c) because it refers only to a type of pronunciation and makes no reference to grammar (b) or lexicon.

10. [](ch01.mdx#fn1-10)  (d)

Chapter 2

1. [](ch02.mdx#fn2-1)    (c)

2. [](ch02.mdx#fn2-2)    (a)

3. [](ch02.mdx#fn2-3)    (c)

4. [](ch02.mdx#fn2-4)    (b)

5. [](ch02.mdx#fn2-5)    (d)

6. [](ch02.mdx#fn2-6)    (b) Finnish and Hungarian are part of the Finno-Ugric family; Basque is a non-Indo-European language isolate.

7. [](ch02.mdx#fn2-7)    (d)

8. [](ch02.mdx#fn2-8)    (b)

9. [](ch02.mdx#fn2-9)    (d)

10. [](ch02.mdx#fn2-10)(a)  Rumanian is a Romance language (descended from Latin); the other two are Slavic

Chapter 3

1. [](ch03.mdx#fn3-1)    (b)

2. [](ch03.mdx#fn3-2)    (c)

3. [](ch03.mdx#fn3-3)    (d)

4. [](ch03.mdx#fn3-4)    (a)

5. [](ch03.mdx#fn3-5)    (d)

6. [](ch03.mdx#fn3-6)    (b)

7. [](ch03.mdx#fn3-7)    (a)

8. [](ch03.mdx#fn3-8)    (b)

9. [](ch03.mdx#fn3-9)    (a)

10. [](ch03.mdx#fn3-10)  (b) – this is associated with Benjamin Lee Whorf

Chapter 4

1. [](ch04.mdx#fn4-1)    (b)

2. [](ch04.mdx#fn4-2)    (c)

3. [](ch04.mdx#fn4-3)    (a)

4. [](ch04.mdx#fn4-4)    (d)

5. [](ch04.mdx#fn4-5)    (d)

6. [](ch04.mdx#fn4-6)    (b)

7. [](ch04.mdx#fn4-7)    (d)

8. [](ch04.mdx#fn4-8)    (d)

9. [](ch04.mdx#fn4-9)    (c)

10. [](ch04.mdx#fn4-10)  (a)

Chapter 5

1. [](ch05.mdx#fn5-1)    (a)

2. [](ch05.mdx#fn5-2)    (b)

3. [](ch05.mdx#fn5-3)    (b)

4. [](ch05.mdx#fn5-4)    (c)

5. [](ch05.mdx#fn5-5)    (d)

6. [](ch05.mdx#fn5-6)    (a)

7. [](ch05.mdx#fn5-7)    (d)

8. [](ch05.mdx#fn5-8)    (c)

9. [](ch05.mdx#fn5-9)    (a)

10. [](ch05.mdx#fn5-10)  (b)

Chapter 6

1. [](ch06.mdx#fn6-1)    (a) the -en \[Ən] suffix is used only in isolated cases, e.g. oxen, and arguably children. The other two suffixes are both regular and productive.

2. [](ch06.mdx#fn6-2)    (b)

3. [](ch06.mdx#fn6-3)    (c)

4. [](ch06.mdx#fn6-4)    (b)

5. [](ch06.mdx#fn6-5)    (a)

6. [](ch06.mdx#fn6-6)    (b)

7. [](ch06.mdx#fn6-7)    (d) – the distribution of the past tense allomorphs parallels that of the plural allomorphs discussed on pages 120–1

8. [](ch06.mdx#fn6-8)    (a)

9. [](ch06.mdx#fn6-9)    (d) – although girls refers to females, it has no explicit gender marking; English nouns are not case-marked either. The s suffix does, however, mark plural number as does were, which is also marked for past tense.

10. [](ch06.mdx#fn6-10)  (c) (Shame on you if you answered (d) here.)

Chapter 7

1. [](ch07.mdx#fn7-1)    (a)

2. [](ch07.mdx#fn7-2)    (c)

3. [](ch07.mdx#fn7-3)    (b)

4. [](ch07.mdx#fn7-4)    (c)

5. [](ch07.mdx#fn7-5)    (b)

6. [](ch07.mdx#fn7-6)    (a)

7. [](ch07.mdx#fn7-7)    (b)

8. [](ch07.mdx#fn7-8)    (b) In (a) ‘these’ and ‘clothes’ agree because plural is selected; in (c) there is singular agreement in the verb form and noun and in (d) plural is selected, but agreement is not relevant as there is no plural form available for my. In (b) no choice is available for the gender of girl, which is lexically marked as feminine/female, and governs the possessive adjective her.

9. [](ch07.mdx#fn7-9)    (d) The full NP constituent of S is ‘The tall woman from Huddersfield’, for which she can be substituted.

10. [](ch07.mdx#fn7-10)  (d) This is a noun phrase, headed by the noun prince.

Chapter 8

1. [](ch08.mdx#fn8-1)    (c)

2. [](ch08.mdx#fn8-2)    (a)

3. [](ch08.mdx#fn8-3)    (c)

4. [](ch08.mdx#fn8-4)    (c)

5. [](ch08.mdx#fn8-5)    (d)

6. [](ch08.mdx#fn8-6)    (b)

7. [](ch08.mdx#fn8-7)    (d)

8. [](ch08.mdx#fn8-8)    (c)

9. [](ch08.mdx#fn8-9)    (a)

10. [](ch08.mdx#fn8-10)  (d)

Chapter 9

1. [](ch09.mdx#fn9-1)    (a)

2. [](ch09.mdx#fn9-2)    (c)

3. [](ch09.mdx#fn9-3)    (d)

4. [](ch09.mdx#fn9-4)    (a)

5. [](ch09.mdx#fn9-5)    (c)

6. [](ch09.mdx#fn9-6)    (c)

7. [](ch09.mdx#fn9-7)    (a)

8. [](ch09.mdx#fn9-8)    (c)

9. [](ch09.mdx#fn9-9)    (d) For (c) the expression ‘glass half full… glass half empty’ suggests that neither term is marked, whereas for (d) ‘the building is 20 metres low’ sounds odd.

10. [](ch09.mdx#fn9-10)  (c) All of these phrases might in context have a element of phatic meaning to them, but (c) as a conventionalized greeting is the best answer.

Chapter 10

1. [](ch10.mdx#fn10-1)    (b)

2. [](ch10.mdx#fn10-2)    (a) (half a point if you said ‘(d)’)

3. [](ch10.mdx#fn10-3)    (d) specifically, the sub-maxim ‘be orderly’

4. [](ch10.mdx#fn10-4)    (c)

5. [](ch10.mdx#fn10-5)    (d)

6. [](ch10.mdx#fn10-6)    (a)

7. [](ch10.mdx#fn10-7)    (d)

8. [](ch10.mdx#fn10-8)    (c)

9. [](ch10.mdx#fn10-9)    (b)

10. [](ch10.mdx#fn10-10)  (b)

Chapter 11

1. [](ch11.mdx#fn11-1)    (d)

2. [](ch11.mdx#fn11-2)    (c)

3. [](ch11.mdx#fn11-3)    (d)

4. [](ch11.mdx#fn11-4)    (d)

5. [](ch11.mdx#fn11-5)    (a)

6. [](ch11.mdx#fn11-6)    (c)

7. [](ch11.mdx#fn11-7)    (c)

8. [](ch11.mdx#fn11-8)    (b)

9. [](ch11.mdx#fn11-9)    (d)

10. [](ch11.mdx#fn11-10)  (b)

Chapter 12

1. [](ch12.mdx#fn12-1)    (c)

2. [](ch12.mdx#fn12-2)    (b)

3. [](ch12.mdx#fn12-3)    (d)

4. [](ch12.mdx#fn12-4)    (b)

5. [](ch12.mdx#fn12-5)    (a)

6. [](ch12.mdx#fn12-6)    (b)

7. [](ch12.mdx#fn12-7)    (d)

8. [](ch12.mdx#fn12-8)    (c)

9. [](ch12.mdx#fn12-9)    (a)

10. [](ch12.mdx#fn12-10)  (b)

Chapter 13

1. [](ch13.mdx#fn13-1)    (b)

2. [](ch13.mdx#fn13-2)    (a)

3. [](ch13.mdx#fn13-3)    (c)

4. [](ch13.mdx#fn13-4)    (a)

5. [](ch13.mdx#fn13-5)    (d)

6. [](ch13.mdx#fn13-6)    (c)

7. ^*

8. [](ch13.mdx#fn13-7)    (c)

9. [](ch13.mdx#fn13-8)    (a)

10. [](ch13.mdx#fn13-9)    (c)

11. [](ch13.mdx#fn13-10)  (c)